Symptoms may include a downward gaze at rest, pupils that are poorly reactive to light, eyelid retraction, and convergence-retraction nystagmus (when you have uncontrollable, jerky eye movements) Parinaud’s syndrome: Also known as the dorsal midbrain syndrome, this condition usually results from the mass effect of an adjacent pineal gland tumor.Ventral tegmental area (VTA): This structure contains dopamine-producing cell bodies and plays a key role in the reward system.It serves as a relay station for nerve signals responsible for controlling movement. Substantia nigra: This area contains nerve cells that make the neurotransmitter (brain chemical) dopamine.It is called the "red" nucleus because of its pinkish color, resulting from the presence of iron. Red nucleus: This region is involved in motor coordination.Corticospinal tract: This major nerve pathway carries movement-related information from the brain to the spinal cord.Spinothalamic tract: This major nerve pathway carries information about pain and temperature sensation from the body to the thalamus of the brain. The trochlear nerve nuclei innervate the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which abducts, depresses, and internally rotates the eye.
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